Final Moments. II. Observational Properties and Physical Modeling of Circumstellar-material-interacting Type II Supernovae

Grants

Funding Acknowledgements

The Young Supernova Experiment and its research infrastructure are supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ERC grant agreement No. 101002652, PI K. Mandel), the Heising-Simons Foundation (2018-0913, PI R. Foley; 2018-0911, PI R. Margutti), NASA (NNG17PX03C, PI R. Foley), NSF (AST-1720756, AST-1815935, PI R. Foley), the David & Lucille Packard Foundation (PI R. Foley), VILLUM FONDEN (project No. 16599, PI J. Hjorth), and the Center for AstroPhysical Surveys (CAPS) at NCSA and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. W.J.-G. is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant DGE-1842165. W.J.-G. acknowledges NASA grants in support of Hubble Space Telescope programs GO-16075 and GO-16500. This research was supported in part by the NSF under grant PHY-1748958. The Margutti team at UC Berkeley is partially funded by the Heising-Simons Foundation under grants No. 2018-0911 and No. 2021-3248 (PI R. Margutti). R.C. acknowledges support from NASA Swift grant 80NSSC22K0946. C.D.K. is partly supported by a CIERA postdoctoral fellowship. A. Haynie is supported by the USC-Carnegie Graduate Fellowship. D.L. was supported by a VILLUM FONDEN Investigator grant (project No. 16599). C.G. is supported by a VILLUM FONDEN Young Investigator grant (project No. 25501). This work was funded by ANID, Millennium Science Initiative, ICN12_009. The work of X. W. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC grants 12288102 and 12033003) and the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE. This work was granted access to the HPC resources of TGCC under the allocation 2021-A0110410554 and 2022-A0130410554 made by GENCI, France. This research was supported by the Munich Institute for Astro-, Particle and BioPhysics (MIAPbP), which is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC-2094 390783311. K.A.B. is supported by an LSSTC Catalyst Fellowship; this publication was thus made possible through the support of grant 62192 from the John Templeton Foundation to LSSTC. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of LSSTC or the John Templeton Foundation. A.V.F.'s research group at UC Berkeley acknowledges financial assistance from the Christopher R. Redlich Fund, as well as donations from Gary and Cynthia Bengier, Clark and Sharon Winslow, Alan Eustace, William Draper, Timothy and Melissa Draper, Briggs and Kathleen Wood, and Sanford Robertson (W.Z. is a Bengier-Winslow-Eustace Specialist in Astronomy, T.G.B. is a Draper-Wood-Robertson Specialist in Astronomy, and Y.Y. was a Bengier-Winslow-Robertson Fellow in Astronomy). Numerous other donors to his group and/or research at Lick Observatory include Michael and Evelyn Antin, Shawn Atkisson, Charles Baxter and Jinee Tao, Duncan and Catherine Beardsley, Marc and Cristina Bensadoun, Frank and Roberta Bliss, Ann and Gordon Brown, Tina and Greg Butler, Alan and Jane Chew, Curt Covey, Byron and Allison Deeter, Arthur and Cindy Folker, Peter and Robin Frazier, Ellen Fujikawa, Heidi Gerster, Harvey Glasser, John Gnuse, George and Allison Good, Charles and Gretchen Gooding, Thomas and Dana Grogan, Alan Gould and Diane Tokugawa, Timothy and Judi Hachman, Michael and Virginia Halloran, Robert and Tina Hinckley, Alan and Gladys Hoefer, Jeff and Allison Holland, Jerry and Patti Hume, the Hugh Stuart Center Charitable Trust, James and Zem Joaquin, Joel Krajweski, Walter and Karen Loewenstern, Gregory Losito and Veronica Bayduza, Art and Rita Levinson, Jesse Levinson, Herbert Masters III, Bruce and Judith Moorad, Rand Morimoto and Ana Henderson, James and Marie O'Brient, Douglas and Emily Ogden, Jim Ostendorf, Garry Parton, Edward and Ellin Purdom, Jonathan and Susan Reiter, Margaret Renn, Paul Robinson, Catherine Rondeau, Eric Rudney, Stanley and Miriam Schiffman, Thomas and Alison Schneider, Ajay Shah and Lata Krishnan, Bruce and Debby Smith, Hans Spiller Justin and Seana Stephens, Charles and Darla Stevens, David and Joanne Turner, Rolf Weber, Gerald and Virginia Weiss, Byron and Nancy Wood, Weldon Wood, Richard Wylie, David and Angie Yancey, and Thomas Zdeblick. The TReX team at UC Berkeley is supported in part by the NSF under grants AST-2221789 and AST-2224255, and by the Heising-Simons Foundation under grant No. 2021-3248 (PI R. Margutti). M.R.D. acknowledges support from the NSERC through grant RGPIN-2019-06186, the Canada Research Chairs Program, and the Dunlap Institute at the University of Toronto. This research was supported by the Munich Institute for Astro-, Particle and BioPhysics (MIAPbP), which is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC-2094 - 390783311. V.A.V. acknowledges support by the NSF under grant AST-2108676. C.R.A. was supported by grants from VILLUM FONDEN (project Nos. 16599 and 25501). Parts of this research were supported by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), through project No. CE170100013. The UCSC team is supported in part by NASA grant 80NSSC20K0953, NSF grant AST-1815935, the Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation, the Heising-Simons Foundation, and by a fellowship from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation to R.J.F. Based in part on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, owned in collaboration by the University of Turku and Aarhus University, and operated jointly by Aarhus University, the University of Turku and the University of Oslo, representing Denmark, Finland, and Norway, the University of Iceland and Stockholm University at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain, of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. Observations were obtained under program P62-507 (PI: Angus). Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W.M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and NASA. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. A major upgrade of the Kast spectrograph on the Shane 3 m telescope at Lick Observatory, led by Brad Holden, was made possible through generous gifts from the Heising-Simons Foundation, William and Marina Kast, and the University of California Observatories. Research at Lick Observatory is partially supported by a generous gift from Google. Based in part on observations obtained with the Samuel Oschin 48 inch Telescope at the Palomar Observatory as part of the Zwicky Transient Facility project. ZTF is supported by the NSF under grant AST-1440341 and a collaboration including Caltech, IPAC, the Weizmann Institute for Science, the Oskar Klein Center at Stockholm University, the University of Maryland, the University of Washington, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron and Humboldt University, Los Alamos National Laboratories, the TANGO Consortium of Taiwan, the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Operations are conducted by the Caltech Optical Observatories (COO), the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), and the University of Washington (UW). The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) and the PS1 public science archive have been made possible through contributions by the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, the Queen's University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, STScI, NASA under grant NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate, NSF grant AST-1238877, the University of Maryland, Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE), the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This work makes use of observations taken by the Las Cumbres Observatory global telescope network. The Las Cumbres Observatory Group is funded by NSF grants AST-1911225 and AST-1911151. The new SALT data presented here were obtained through Rutgers University program 2022-1-MLT-004 (PI S. Jha). Funding for the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope has been provided by the CAS and the People's Government of Yunnan Province.